Detailed distribution line distance control and voltage drop

1. Why does the power line generate "voltage drop"?
The voltage drop in the power line is due to the resistance of the conductor. Because of this, so no matter adopt what kind of conductor material (copper, aluminum) can cause line voltage loss, the loss of pressure drop () is not more than 5% of the voltage itself is generally not on the line of electric drive.

2. Where do I need to consider voltage drop?
Generally speaking, when the line length is not very long, because the voltage drop is very limited, the problem of "pressure drop" can be ignored, for example, the line is only tens of meters. However, if the cable pressure drop is ignored on some of the longer power lines, the starting equipment may be too low to start the equipment after the cable is laid. Or the device can be started, but in low voltage running state, the time is long damaged equipment.
Longer power lines need to consider pressure drop. The so-called "long line" generally refers to the cable line is more than 500 meters. Pressure drop should also be considered for situations requiring high voltage accuracy.

3. How to calculate the voltage drop of the power line?
1). Overhead line voltage drop.
According to the rules and regulations; The 10kv class line generally does not exceed the radius of 15km, including the length of the branch line.
At the same time the power supply quality, the voltage drop is plus or minus 7%.
Example; U = 10 kv L = 15000 m S = LGJ - 15000 was 0.0315 mm aluminium resistivity. M COS phi = 0.8, P = 1150 kw Q = 863 kvar 10 kv reactance X = 0.35 Ω. Km = 15 = 5.25 Ω o R = 0.35 * rho * L/S = 0.0315 * Ω 15000/240 = 1.97
According to the voltage loss formula;
Delta U R = P * * X + Q/U (kv) + 863 * 1150 * 1.97 = 5.25/10 = 2266 + 4731/10 = 4731/10 = 699.7 v = w/w % U * = 7% (699.7/10000) * 100 = 100
10kv line radius 15km choose 240mm2 aluminum wire overhead laying, theory COS (s) =0.8, terminal voltage drop control 7%, can carry load 1150kw.

There was a suspension in qinghai province. The once-limitless "pv leader" is in a fog.
Fair show only three days, the national energy administration and rejecting the datong second phase of a paper document emergency photovoltaic leader base of the bidding result, give more to the cause of photovoltaic circle uproar: grade according to the requirements of standard, recommended by the bid assessment results.
What do the raters violate? What the hell did you do when you recommended it? At the center of the storm, all sides are silent.
The role of the grader should be an objective and impartial third party, which should conform to the principle of "strict norms, fair and impartial, professional coordination". One of the responsibilities of the panel and the review group is to cooperate with the public sector. The referees who hold the ruler are not graded according to the standard, not according to the rules, which not only harm the interests of the enterprise, but also break the rules of the industry and hurt the third party image of fairness and authority.

According to a news agency, the nuclear group 12, according to the operation of nuclear power in China, the first phase of qinshan 300000 mw unit and qinshan phase ii 1, 2, 3 units of WANO (world association of nuclear operators) composite index for 100 points, ranking first in the world. China's nuclear power operation and construction level international lead, can be said to surpass the United States.

A total of 72 countries have or are planning to develop nuclear power, according to the international nuclear power market. According to the international atomic energy agency, about 300 new units will be built by 2030. "One Belt And One Road" countries and neighboring countries will account for about 80% of the new units. China's nuclear power has become a beautiful business card for China to go global.

On March 9th, the national energy administration power reliability management and engineering quality supervision center was held in anhui hefei organization the national electric power quality supervision institutions work symposium, seriously implement the party central committee and state council on the development of high quality major decision deployment, promote implement "on further strengthening the views of the electric power construction engineering quality supervision management, related work, summed up work in 2017, the deployment of 2018 key tasks.

The meeting stressed that the power quality supervision organs should make a solid effort to do all the work in 2018. First, they should consolidate their work basis in accordance with the law, actively handle the registration of independent legal entities, and speed up construction institutions and teams. Second, we should be brave enough to assume due diligence, and work well in quality supervision according to the division of tasks. To accurately grasp the position of the job, take the initiative to complete the relevant rules and regulations as required, and supervise the revision of the outline; 4. Timely completion of quality supervision work information as required. All relevant energy enterprises should fully implement the main responsibilities of quality and safety, take multiple measures, strengthen management, and resolutely guard against preventing major quality and safety accidents.

The department of electric safety supervision of the national energy administration, the east China energy regulatory bureau, the power quality supervision organs, and the relevant responsible members of the electric power enterprises attended the meeting.

Recently, a seemingly ordinary news touched the future trend of the distributed photovoltaic market. National energy bureau agreed to electric power planning and design institute for setting up new energy given monitoring warning center ", "national comprehensive monitoring the national new energy given conditions, with the national new energy for the future development and prospect of given systematic analysis. The background of this early warning center is distributed photovoltaic, especially in the household pv market unprecedented explosion!

The popularity of distributed photovoltaic market can be used to describe the great leap forward: experienced technical and engineering managers in particular, companies are digging this kind of person, monthly salary plus extra money, more than the average annual income in 200000; Developers with a large number of rooftop resources are the second most popular, similar to the real estate project development process, with the ability to play the game and the capital and resources. If you do well, you can do Polo for a year. The household USES the photovoltaic field to be more lively, the first surge of solar hot water and home appliances comes in, and then the insurance direct sale, then the wedding photography, clothing wholesale... It's not lively. With the low pv threshold and lack of supervision, too many people come in with the idea of "making a profit". Fake fake degradation component, the rain will rust bracket screw, with a variety of purpose "free installation" marketing scheme, non-standard stents and electrical equipment installation roof collapse, caused by short circuit on fire, support the "flying", screamed!

A photovoltaic expert said: "in the case of a non-professional people who are rushing into the market, the first is the need for the state to formulate mandatory security acceptance standards as soon as possible. The second is the need for technical and engineering professional training; Third, there are institutions to lead the market regulation supervision; Let the counterfeit and the unsafe hidden trouble from the source to snuff out!"

Words are referred to as the "easy come, easy go", household photovoltaic market in the process of surge, a large number of user to regional integration rapid expansion, at two years three billion to build rich myths stimulates every pv practitioners. According to industry experts, large distributed roof has robbed it, the high quality of small and medium-sized industrial and commercial roofs will be robbed empty within five years, the rapid growth of household photovoltaic probably in two or three years, five years even after will enter the stock of distributed photovoltaic market "sharing operations" era

Power station to the surface buoy, from the ground from roof to the door with industry and commerce, the development of the photovoltaic market will gradually enter the field of BIPV, distributed photovoltaic (pv) from "pure profit driven" into the "efficiency and beautiful two-wheel drive" new age of pv market development will also tend to be more mature and slow, and a large number of professional pv practitioners will automatically escape.

China's decentralized wind power has been slow to develop since its start in 2012, but the wind industry is eager to replicate the successful experience of distributed photovoltaics due to the severe impact of large-scale projects. Distributed wind power, although the total capacity is small, can take advantage of the existing power grid in transmission have been completed, more flexibility, achieving the effective utilization of wind energy resources scattered and given on the spot. Because of this, China's distributed wind power has great potential for development.

Distributed wind power development: how to break the shackles to realize the potential?

Decentralized wind power projects are a unique type of onshore wind power projects in China. According to the definition of the national energy administration at the end of 2017, the distributed wind power refers to the wind power project with an access voltage level of 35kV and below, which is completely consumed in the local area and does not send electricity to the high voltage level.

, distributed wind power currently in China's wind power capacity of less than 1%, but for the need to improve the development quality and optimize the layout of the Chinese wind power industry, development of distributed wind power is to improve the utilization rate of wind power, the inevitable need to promote industry development. The relative lag of its development level indicates the great potential of development.

The has obvious advantages, but distributed wind power has been slow to develop in China, the projects have been put into operation in the capacity of less than 1% of the total capacity of wind power grid, is far less than the construction scale of Europe. According to qin haiyan, secretary-general of the China renewable energy association's wind energy committee, there are two main reasons for this:

One is wind power development in China started in the west, large wind power development companies used to through massive investment in terms of centralized development, individual distributed wind power projects of small, relatively low investment success, enterprise's enthusiasm is not high.

Distributed wind power development: how to break the shackles to realize the potential?

The second is that the decentralized wind power project still adopts the approval requirement and process of centralized development, which leads to low efficiency and increased up-front cost.

In addition, China has not formed a relatively perfect standard system and management standard of distributed wind power technology to guide the overall development of distributed wind power. This includes unclear definitions of wind power, and the current definition is too broad to lead to differences in understanding. The development of decentralized wind power planning and power consumption in provinces and regions is lagging behind, and government guidance is not enough. The promotion of distributed wind power does not combine with the development of county economy, especially the interests of rural and peasant households, etc.

In order to solve the above problems, qin hailu believes that the development of decentralized wind power must adhere to the ideas and principles of "centralized planning, batch approval and integration with local economic development".

First, decentralized wind power projects are decentralized and small, and must be centrally planned so as to achieve economic and efficient management and ensure the orderly development of projects.

Distributed wind power development: how to break the shackles to realize the potential?

Second, the project should be packaged and approved in a county area to simplify the early procedures and avoid unnecessary costs.

Finally, can be based on the experience of the foreign community wind power development, through the land, the PPP mode, and so on ways to increase local participation, and will be distributed around the wind power development and tourism development, the characteristics of small town construction, the people's livelihood improvement works, such as, the combination of the local community and residents benefit, promote local economic and social development.

According to the 13th five-year plan for wind power development, by the end of 2020, wind power generation will be guaranteed to reach 420 billion kilowatt-hours, or about 6% of the country's total electricity generation. Immediately, the national energy administration issued by the middle of 2017's "about accelerating distributed access to wind power project construction related requirements" puts forward, distributed access wind projects to meet the requirements, without being limited by the scale of annual guidance, were seen as key symbol of distributed wind power into the fast lane.

And published in the march of the 2018 energy work guidance on notice for further pointed out the direction of the wind power development: focus on solving the problem of clean energy given to priority to the development of distributed wind power. From the demand side, the development of wind power in China has gradually shifted to the central and eastern regions, and distributed wind power is the new main force. With the characteristics of close to load and short construction period, the dispersive type will continue to spread in central China as the core increment of wind power. The detailed rules for future development of distributed wind power are expected to be issued as soon as possible.

Obviously, although the development of decentralized wind power in China has been slow in recent years, the development of decentralized wind power is the general trend. Today's distributed wind power, with policy support and market demand, is likely to become the next industry outlet.

For the implementation of the national innovation driven development strategy, to promote the rapid development of new energy smart grid equipment industry, further promote the exchange of a large bay area of guangdong electric power industry, science and technology innovation and achievements transformation and industrial upgrading, China electric power enterprise federation, China council for the promotion of international trade commission in electric power industry, China southern power grid co., LTD., north China electric power university in zhuhai exhibition group co., LTD., etc, in December 14-16 at the zhuhai international conference and exhibition center, in order to "lead a large bay area of guangdong electric power innovation" as the theme, Co-host 2017 China (zhuhai) green innovation power summit and exhibition.

The summit will continue to use previous "to bring" exhibition "exhibition in societe generale" mode, activity forms during this period, the peak BBS, technical seminars, exhibition and ccpit, project promotion, industrial park and other activities as a whole, and through experts attending the meeting focused on the analysis and discussion of the green power industry, to build industry grade, professional, quality of science and technology innovation and communication platform, thus promoting production-study-research cooperation, green service industry development, the construction of a large bay area of guangdong innovation community.

Aiming at the new energy technology innovation and development zhuhai construction of guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao bay area innovation highland.

In 2016, guangdong province proposed in the government work report to launch the pearl river delta city upgrade operation to build the bay area of guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. In March 2017, premier li keqiang put forward the work report of the government to promote the deepening cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao. In July 2017, the national development and reform commission and the government of guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao signed the agreement to deepen the cooperation between guangdong and Hong Kong and Macao in the development of the bay area construction framework. The bay area has been upgraded to a national strategy, with a promising future. As the hong kong-zhuhai-macao bridge is built, zhuhai will be the only one linked to Hong Kong and Macao land bay city, has a unique geographical advantages, in the development of this round of big bay area have great development opportunities.

For actively involved in this background, the development strategy of a large bay area of guangdong, zhuhai in recently formally issued the deepening innovation driven development, zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao to build large bay area innovation highland implementation plan ", clearly put forward open innovation is the key of the zhuhai of guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to the construction of large bay area innovation high content. Specifically, in terms of industry, zhuhai will drive the smart grid, new energy vehicles, such as innovative industrial cluster development, form the backbone enterprises in cluster region under the leader of the core technique, strive for to 2021, to build five innovative industrial cluster at or above the provincial level. At the same time, the zhuhai "1000 plan" supportive measures, strive for five years, to form more than 10 billions level leading enterprises, more than 100 billion level backbone enterprises and more than 1000 growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, zhuhai will organize a year more than 20 items of city core key technology or applied projects, more than 30 of the municipal science and technology innovation fund projects, in intelligent manufacturing and robotics, new energy and new material 10 key areas, such as concentrated breakthrough a batch of industrial transformation and upgrading of key core technology.

Under the above background, the summit in zhuhai in guangdong bridgehead position of large bay area, aiming at new energy technology innovation and development, in order to "lead a large bay area of guangdong electric power innovation" as the theme, focusing on a large bay area of guangdong green power innovation, clean energy and smart grid and clean energy cars and electric vehicle charging infrastructure, two fusion and innovation personnel training of the electric power industry, electric power innovation and achievements transformation of science and technology and other issues and show the subject, through the industry level, professional exchanges and cooperation platform assembly, play big bay unique advantages, promote the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao to deepen cooperation, Enhancing the status and function of the "great bay area" in the national economic development and opening to the outside world.

To promote zhuhai electric power industry to a new level with exhibition and exhibition.

Zhuhai connecting line, hengqin port and integrated transport hub... According to the "key construction project plan of guangdong province in 2017" released in January this year, 28 projects in zhuhai have been selected as key construction projects in the province, which will bring stronger support to development. Meanwhile, zhuhai are vigorously implement the strategy of innovation and opening, to build a large bay area of guangdong innovation heights, "area" important fulcrum, the pearl river west bank core cities, speed up the building to high-end modern industry system to support the industry pattern, comprehensively enhance the comprehensive strength of the core cities and radiation ability. As a basic energy source, electric power is the basic guarantee for economic development, and a strong smart grid can help zhuhai's economic development better.

It is understood that the smart grid industry is one of the six pillar industries in zhuhai, mainly concentrated in the smart grid equipment manufacturing, statistics show that in 2016, is engaged in the smart grid zhuhai nearly hundred equipment manufacturing enterprises, the enterprises above designated size up to more than 30, 60 high-tech enterprises, listed companies in 18, the industry operating income of about 16.46 billion yuan, ranked the third. At the same time, in terms of power supply reliability, zhuhai is leading the power innovation of guangdong, Hong Kong and macau. On 24 July this year, zhuhai hengqin officially launch free trade area distribution network closed loop operation "" double chain grid, for domestic initiative, the international leading, comprehensive promotion after can hengqin power will rise to 99.999%, to power a large bay area of guangdong construction provides innovative power technical support.

The summit on the conference contents, the green innovation power summit the BBS, and in 2017 the national electric power industry advance will both the fusion and the national conference on the electric power enterprise informatization, the country's electricity worker technology achievement recognition ceremony and excellent project promotion, digital and international electric power enterprise BBS BBS, intelligent power points, industry of guangdong province communication meeting for poverty alleviation, the electric car charging infrastructure standard workshop, Internet + wisdom energy BBS, power big data and cloud BBS, electricity market BBS BBS nine projects, and will be invited to the national and local relevant departments of the leadership, a bay area for the city of guangdong, Itu director, deputy director and relevant members of units, southern power grid and the subordinate company, north China electric power university and hi-tech park on behalf of the enterprise, the domestic key technology and equipment companies, investors, operators and the leaders of the relevant units and experts, more than one thousand people together, on further communication and discussion surrounding the issue, together with the power industry annual exchange event.

The same period in the exhibition, the summit will open China power innovation environment, green power products displays, power industry worker invention exhibits innovations, electric power industry informatization environment, clean energy vehicles and electric vehicle charging infrastructure exhibit 5 special area. At that time, more than 100 leading power enterprises and institutions will carry the latest technology and products to show the latest technology and achievements of the power industry. At the same time, to achieve seamless docking industry, the summit also planned the electric power research institutes of scientific and technological achievements from all high-end equipment, electric power production, the national-level project, and diversified small technical seminars, study of the smart grid zhuhai industrial park and other supporting activities.

Highland in zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao to speed up the construction of large bay area innovation, strive to create high-end industrial agglomeration highlands, industrial technology incubation highlands, innovation talent highland, venture investment under the background of highland, 2017 China (zhuhai) green innovation power summit and held during the exhibition will further boost the zhuhai innovation, green and efficient development of the electric power industry, power industry to a new level..

As central to determine the depth of the "one of the three areas, three states" in poverty-stricken areas and southern xinjiang four state in rural energy resource conditions good to take the lead in building a batch of photovoltaic (pv) pilot for poverty alleviation, millions of farmers out of poverty for the southern xinjiang lit up momentum.

But experts have called for the construction of a "dormant power station" to prevent "a rush".

Like many villages in southern xinjiang, the village of yabai village in zuler county, xinjiang, has a lack of water, a weak industrial base and a 36 percent incidence of poverty.

In 2016, the working group of xinjiang electric power company "visited the People's Republic of China" to coordinate the photovoltaic enterprises to build the integrated photovoltaic precision poverty alleviation project, with the installed capacity of 166 kw.

The working group said that the project generated more than 50,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity and the income of 40,000 yuan was transferred to the village to help the poor. This year, the pv power station is expected to earn 180,000 yuan, which will be calculated at 3000 yuan per household, and 60 households will be poor.

In the photovoltaic power station operation maintenance room, agtech BuLiZi o in accordance with the village committee director, wood said, pointing to a computer screen: "the higher the green column, the more electricity, the village collective income is higher, helping the poor.

After months of training, some of the monitoring and maintenance of the plant has been handed over to the farmer, who is used to a hoe.

More and more villagers hope to learn technology as the photovoltaic power station gradually produces benefits. Up to now, more than 200 villagers have participated in electrician, welding and computer training courses. More than 20 of them have signed employment contracts.

In the village of tallek, in the town of itimoko in yagi prefecture, in the kashi area, the family of 33-year-old menisha muzi, a family of five, has lived on several acres of land and odd jobs for many years.

After installing the photovoltaic panels, she said, the home alone received 720 yuan in just two months. She said she hoped to get out of poverty, and she would wash the dust on the photovoltaic panels every week to improve the efficiency of electricity generation.

Published by the state development and reform commission (NDRC), January 1, 2018 put into operation in the future of photovoltaic power generation project of electricity per KWH fell 0.1 yuan, after January 1, 2018 put into operation, the "spontaneous for private use, Internet access, allowance," model of distributed photovoltaic power generation project electricity subsidy standard reduced 0.05 yuan.